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Compare Czech Republic (2001) - Maldives (2006)

Compare Czech Republic (2001) z Maldives (2006)

 Czech Republic (2001)Maldives (2006)
 Czech RepublicMaldives
Administrative divisions 13 regions (kraje, singular - kraj) and 1 capital city* (hlavni mesto); Brnensky, Budejovicky, Jihlavsky, Karlovarsky, Kralovehradecky, Liberecky, Olomoucky, Ostravsky, Pardubicky, Plzensky, Praha*, Stredocesky, Ustecky, Zlinsky 19 atolls (atholhu, singular and plural) and the capital city*; Alifu, Baa, Dhaalu, Faafu, Gaafu Alifu, Gaafu Dhaalu, Gnaviyani, Haa Alifu, Haa Dhaalu, Kaafu, Laamu, Lhaviyani, Maale* (Male), Meemu, Noonu, Raa, Seenu, Shaviyani, Thaa, Vaavu
Age structure 0-14 years:
16.09% (male 847,219; female 804,731)

15-64 years:
69.99% (male 3,592,984; female 3,590,802)

65 years and over:
13.92% (male 549,538; female 878,938) (2001 est.)
0-14 years: 43.4% (male 80,113/female 75,763)


15-64 years: 53.5% (male 98,040/female 94,029)


65 years and over: 3.1% (male 5,477/female 5,586) (2006 est.)
Agriculture - products wheat, potatoes, sugar beets, hops, fruit; pigs, poultry coconuts, corn, sweet potatoes; fish
Airports 114 (2000 est.) 5 (2006)
Airports - with paved runways total:
43

over 3,047 m:
2

2,438 to 3,047 m:
10

1,524 to 2,437 m:
14

914 to 1,523 m:
1

under 914 m:
16 (2000 est.)
total: 2


over 3,047 m: 1


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2006)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
71

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
28

under 914 m:
42 (2000 est.)
total: 3


914 to 1,523 m: 3 (2006)
Area total:
78,866 sq km

land:
77,276 sq km

water:
1,590 sq km
total: 300 sq km


land: 300 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than South Carolina about 1.7 times the size of Washington, DC
Background After World War II, Czechoslovakia fell within the Soviet sphere of influence. In 1968, an invasion by Warsaw Pact troops ended the efforts of the country's leaders to liberalize party rule and create "socialism with a human face." Anti-Soviet demonstrations the following year ushered in a period of harsh repression. With the collapse of Soviet authority in 1989, Czechoslovakia regained its freedom through a peaceful "Velvet Revolution." On 1 January 1993, the country underwent a "velvet divorce" into its two national components, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Now a member of NATO, the Czech Republic has moved toward integration in world markets, a development that poses both opportunities and risks. The Maldives was long a sultanate, first under Dutch and then under British protection. It became a republic in 1968, three years after independence. Since 1978, President Maumoon Abdul GAYOOM - currently in his sixth term in office - has dominated the islands' political scene. Following riots in the capital Male in August 2004, the president and his government have pledged to embark upon democratic reforms, including a more representative political system and expanded political freedoms. Tourism and fishing are being developed on the archipelago.
Birth rate 9.11 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 34.81 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Budget revenues:
$16.7 billion

expenditures:
$18 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2001 est.)
revenues: $265 million (excluding foreign grants)


expenditures: $362 million; including capital expenditures of $80 million (2004 est.)
Capital Prague name: Male


geographic coordinates: 4 10 N, 73 31 E


time difference: UTC+5 (10 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Climate temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters tropical; hot, humid; dry, northeast monsoon (November to March); rainy, southwest monsoon (June to August)
Coastline 0 km (landlocked) 644 km
Constitution ratified 16 December 1992; effective 1 January 1993 adopted 1 January 1998
Country name conventional long form:
Czech Republic

conventional short form:
Czech Republic

local long form:
Ceska Republika

local short form:
Ceska Republika
conventional long form: Republic of Maldives


conventional short form: Maldives


local long form: Dhivehi Raajjeyge Jumhooriyyaa


local short form: Dhivehi Raajje
Currency Czech koruna (CZK) -
Death rate 10.81 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 7.06 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Debt - external $21.3 billion (2000) $304 million (2004 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Steven J. COFFEY

embassy:
Trziste 15, 11801 Prague 1

mailing address:
use embassy street address

telephone:
[420] (2) 5753-0663

FAX:
[420] (2) 5753-0583
the US does not have an embassy in Maldives; the US Ambassador to Sri Lanka is accredited to Maldives and makes periodic visits there
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Alexsandr VONDRA

chancery:
3900 Spring of Freedom Street NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 274-9100

FAX:
[1] (202) 966-8540

consulate(s) general:
Los Angeles and New York
chief of mission: Ambassador Mohamed LATHEEF


chancery: 800 2nd Avenue, Suite 400E, New York, NY 10017


telephone: [1] (212) 599-6195


FAX: [1] (212) 661-6405
Disputes - international Liechtenstein's royal family claims restitution for 1,600 sq km of land in the Czech Republic confiscated in 1918; individual Sudeten German claims for restitution of property confiscated in connection with their expulsion after World War II; Austria has minor dispute with Czech Republic over nuclear power plants and post-World War II treatment of German-speaking minorities none
Economic aid - recipient $NA $27.9 million $NA (2004)
Economy - overview Basically one of the most stable and prosperous of the post-Communist states, the Czech Republic has been recovering from recession since mid-1999. The economy grew about 2.5% in 2000 and should achieve somewhat higher growth in 2001. Growth is led by exports to the EU, especially Germany, and foreign investment, while domestic demand is reviving. Uncomfortably high fiscal and current account deficits could be future problems. Unemployment is down to 8.7% as job creation continues in the rebounding economy; inflation is up to 3.8% but still moderate. The EU put the Czech Republic just behind Poland and Hungary in preparations for accession, which will give further impetus and direction to structural reform. Moves to complete banking, telecommunications and energy privatization will add to foreign investment, while intensified restructuring among large enterprises and banks and improvements in the financial sector should strengthen output growth. Tourism, Maldives' largest industry, accounts for 20% of GDP and more than 60% of the Maldives' foreign exchange receipts. Over 90% of government tax revenue comes from import duties and tourism-related taxes. Fishing is a second leading sector. The Maldivian Government began an economic reform program in 1989 initially by lifting import quotas and opening some exports to the private sector. Subsequently, it has liberalized regulations to allow more foreign investment. Agriculture and manufacturing continue to play a lesser role in the economy, constrained by the limited availability of cultivable land and the shortage of domestic labor. Most staple foods must be imported. Industry, which consists mainly of garment production, boat building, and handicrafts, accounts for about 18% of GDP. Maldivian authorities worry about the impact of erosion and possible global warming on their low-lying country; 80% of the area is one meter or less above sea level. In late December 2004, a major tsunami left more than 100 dead, 12,000 displaced, and property damage exceeding $300 million. Over the past decade, real GDP growth averaged over 7.5% per year. As a result of the tsunami, the GDP contracted by about 5.5% in 2005.
Electricity - consumption 52.898 billion kWh (2000) 125.6 million kWh (2003)
Electricity - exports 18.744 billion kWh (2000) 0 kWh (2003)
Electricity - imports 8.735 billion kWh (2000) 0 kWh (2003)
Electricity - production 67.642 billion kWh (2000) 135 million kWh (2003)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
77.8%

hydro:
3.43%

nuclear:
18.77%

other:
0% (2000)
-
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Elbe River 115 m

highest point:
Snezka 1,602 m
lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed location on Wilingili island in the Addu Atoll 2.4 m
Environment - current issues air and water pollution in areas of northwest Bohemia and in northern Moravia around Ostrava present health risks; acid rain damaging forests depletion of freshwater aquifers threatens water supplies; global warming and sea level rise; coral reef bleaching
Environment - international agreements party to:
Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups Czech 81.2%, Moravian 13.2%, Slovak 3.1%, Polish 0.6%, German 0.5%, Silesian 0.4%, Roma 0.3%, Hungarian 0.2%, other 0.5% (1991) South Indians, Sinhalese, Arabs
Exchange rates koruny per US dollar - 37.425 (January 2001), 38.598 (2000), 34.569 (1999), 32.281 (1998), 31.698 (1997), 27.145 (1996) rufiyaa per US dollar - 12.8 (2005), 12.8 (2004), 12.8 (2003), 12.8 (2002), 12.24 (2001)
Executive branch chief of state:
President Vaclav HAVEL (since 2 February 1993)

head of government:
Prime Minister Milos ZEMAN (since 17 July 1998); Deputy Prime Ministers Vladimir SPIDLA (since 22 July 1998), Pavel RYCHETSKY (since 22 July 1998), Jan KAVAN (since 8 December 1999)

cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister

elections:
president elected by Parliament for a five-year term; election last held 20 January 1998 (next to be held NA January 2003); prime minister appointed by the president

election results:
Vaclav HAVEL reelected president; Vaclav HAVEL received 47 of 81 votes in the Senate and 99 out of 200 votes in the Chamber of Deputies (second round of voting)
chief of state: President Maumoon Abdul GAYOOM (since 11 November 1978); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


head of government: President Maumoon Abdul GAYOOM (since 11 November 1978); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president


elections: president nominated by the Majlis and then the nomination must be ratified by a national referendum (at least a 51% approval margin is required); president elected for a five-year term; election last held 17 October 2003 (next to be held NA 2008)


election results: President Maumoon Abdul GAYOOM reelected in referendum held 17 October 2003; percent of popular vote - Maumoon Abdul GAYOOM 90.3%
Exports $28.3 billion (f.o.b., 2000) NA bbl/day
Exports - commodities machinery and transport equipment 44%, other manufactured goods 40%, chemicals 7%, raw materials and fuel 7% (1999) fish, clothing
Exports - partners Germany 43%, Slovakia 8.4%, Austria 6.6%, Poland 5.6%, France 4% (1999) Japan 22.8%, Thailand 22.7%, Sri Lanka 16.4%, UK 12.6%, Singapore 5.8%, Germany 4.8%, France 4.3% (2005)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red with a blue isosceles triangle based on the hoist side (identical to the flag of the former Czechoslovakia) red with a large green rectangle in the center bearing a vertical white crescent; the closed side of the crescent is on the hoist side of the flag
GDP purchasing power parity - $132.4 billion (2000 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
3.7%

industry:
41.8%

services:
54.5% (1999)
agriculture: 20%


industry: 18%


services: 62% (2000 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $12,900 (2000 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate 2.5% (2000 est.) -3.6% (2005 est.)
Geographic coordinates 49 45 N, 15 30 E 3 15 N, 73 00 E
Geography - note landlocked; strategically located astride some of oldest and most significant land routes in Europe; Moravian Gate is a traditional military corridor between the North European Plain and the Danube in central Europe 1,190 coral islands grouped into 26 atolls (200 inhabited islands, plus 80 islands with tourist resorts); archipelago with strategic location astride and along major sea lanes in Indian Ocean
Heliports 1 (2000 est.) -
Highways total:
55,432 km

paved:
55,432 km (including 499 km of expressways)

unpaved:
0 km (2000)
-
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
4.3%

highest 10%:
22.4% (1996)
lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs major transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and minor transit point for Latin American cocaine to Western Europe; domestic consumption - especially of locally produced synthetic drugs - on the rise -
Imports $31.4 billion (f.o.b., 2000) NA bbl/day
Imports - commodities machinery and transport equipment 42%, other manufactured goods 33%, chemicals 12%, raw materials and fuels 10% (1999) petroleum products, ships, foodstuffs, textiles, clothing, intermediate and capital goods
Imports - partners Germany 37.5%, Slovakia 6.7%, Austria 6.2%, Italy 5.9%, France 5.4% (1999) Singapore 24.1%, UAE 15.7%, India 11.3%, Malaysia 7.2%, Sri Lanka 5.7%, UK 4.5% (2005)
Independence 1 January 1993 (Czechoslovakia split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia) 26 July 1965 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate 7.6% (2000) -0.9% (2004 est.)
Industries metallurgy, machinery and equipment, motor vehicles, glass, armaments fish processing, tourism, shipping, boat building, coconut processing, garments, woven mats, rope, handicrafts, coral and sand mining
Infant mortality rate 5.55 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) total: 54.89 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 54.01 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 55.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 3.8% (2000 est.) 6% (2005 est.)
International organization participation ACCT (observer), Australia Group, BIS, CCC, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, EU (applicant), FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MONUC, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMOP, UNMOT, UNOMIG, UPU, WCL, WEU (associate), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, ZC AsDB, C, CP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, SAARC, SACEP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) more than 300 (2000) -
Irrigated land 240 sq km (1993 est.) NA
Judicial branch Supreme Court; Constitutional Court; chairman and deputy chairmen are appointed by the president for a 10-year term High Court
Labor force 5.203 million (1999 est.) 88,000 (2000)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 5%, industry 40%, services 55% (2000 est.) agriculture: 22%


industry: 18%


services: 60% (1995)
Land boundaries total:
1,881 km

border countries:
Austria 362 km, Germany 646 km, Poland 658 km, Slovakia 215 km
0 km
Land use arable land:
41%

permanent crops:
2%

permanent pastures:
11%

forests and woodland:
34%

other:
12% (1993 est.)
arable land: 13.33%


permanent crops: 30%


other: 56.67% (2005)
Languages Czech Maldivian Dhivehi (dialect of Sinhala, script derived from Arabic), English spoken by most government officials
Legal system civil law system based on Austro-Hungarian codes; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; legal code modified to bring it in line with Organization on Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) obligations and to expunge Marxist-Leninist legal theory based on Islamic law with admixtures of English common law primarily in commercial matters; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of the Senate or Senat (81 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms; one-third elected every two years) and the Chamber of Deputies or Poslanecka snemovna (200 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)

elections:
Senate - last held 12 and 19 November 2000 (next to be held NA November 2002); Chamber of Deputies - last held 19-20 June 1998 (next to be held by NA June 2002)

election results:
Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - KDU-CSL 28, ODS 22, CSSD 15, ODA 7, US 4, KSCM 3, independents 2; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - CSSD 32.3%, ODS 27.7%, KSCM 11%, KDU-CSL 9.0%, US 8.6%; seats by party - CSSD 74, ODS 63, KSCM 24, KDU-CSL 20, US 18, CSNS 1
unicameral People's Council or Majlis (50 seats; 42 elected by popular vote, 8 appointed by the president; members serve five-year terms)


elections: last held 22 January 2005 (next to be held NA 2010)


election results: percent of vote - NA; seats - independents 50
Life expectancy at birth total population:
74.73 years

male:
71.23 years

female:
78.43 years (2001 est.)
total population: 64.41 years


male: 63.08 years


female: 65.8 years (2006 est.)
Literacy definition:
NA

total population:
99.9% (1999 est.)

male:
NA%

female:
NA%
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 97.2%


male: 97.1%


female: 97.3% (2003 est.)
Location Central Europe, southeast of Germany Southern Asia, group of atolls in the Indian Ocean, south-southwest of India
Map references Europe Asia
Maritime claims none (landlocked) measured from claimed archipelagic straight baselines


territorial sea: 12 nm


contiguous zone: 24 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine - total: 17 ships (1000 GRT or over) 67,149 GRT/87,220 DWT


by type: cargo 13, petroleum tanker 2, refrigerated cargo 2


registered in other countries: 1 (Panama 1) (2006)
Military branches Army, Air and Air Defense Forces, Territorial Defense, Railroad Units National Security Service: Security Branch (ground forces), Air Element, Coast Guard
Military expenditures - dollar figure $1.2 billion (FY01) $45.07 million (2005 est.)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 2.2% (FY01) 5.5% (2005 est.)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
2,653,456 (2001 est.)
-
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
2,024,070 (2001 est.)
-
Military manpower - military age 18 years of age -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males:
69,393 (2001 est.)
-
National holiday Czech Founding Day, 28 October (1918) Independence Day, 26 July (1965)
Nationality noun:
Czech(s)

adjective:
Czech
noun: Maldivian(s)


adjective: Maldivian
Natural hazards flooding low level of islands makes them very sensitive to sea level rise
Natural resources hard coal, soft coal, kaolin, clay, graphite, timber fish
Net migration rate 0.96 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Pipelines natural gas 3,550 km (2000) -
Political parties and leaders Christian and Democratic Union-Czechoslovak People's Party or KDU-CSL [Jan KASAL, chairman]; Civic Democratic Alliance or ODA [Daniel KROUPA, chairman]; Civic Democratic Party or ODS [Vaclav KLAUS, chairman]; Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia or KSCM [Miroslav GREBENICEK, chairman]; Communist Party of Czechoslovakia or KSC [Miroslav STEPAN, chairman]; Czech National Social Party of CSNS [Jan SULA, chairman]; Czech Social Democratic Party or CSSD [Milos ZEMAN, chairman]; Democratic Union or DEU [Ratibor MAJZLIK, chairman]; Freedom Union or US [Karel KUEHNL, chairman]; Quad Coalition [Cyril SVOBODA, chairman] (includes KDU-CSL, US, ODA, DEU); Republicans of Miroslav SLADEK or RMS [Miroslav SLADEK, chairman] political parties were allowed to register in June 2005; the first entrants are: Adhaalath (Justice) Party or AP [Abdul Majeed Abdul BARI]; Dhivehi Rayyithunge Party (Maldivian People's Party) or DRP [Maumoon Abdul GAYOOM]; Islamic Democratic Party or IDP [Omar NASEER]; Maldivian Democratic Party or MDP [Mohamed NASHEED]
Political pressure groups and leaders Czech-Moravian Confederation of Trade Unions [Richard FALBR] various unregistered political parties
Population 10,264,212 (July 2001 est.) 359,008 (July 2006 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% 21% NA%
Population growth rate -0.07% (2001 est.) 2.78% (2006 est.)
Ports and harbors Decin, Prague, Usti nad Labem -
Radio broadcast stations AM 31, FM 304, shortwave 17 (2000) AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 1 (1998)
Radios 3,159,134 (December 2000) -
Railways total:
9,444 km

standard gauge:
9,350 km 1.435-m standard gauge (2,843 km electrified; 1,929 km double track)

narrow gauge:
94 km 0.760-m narrow gauge (2000)
-
Religions atheist 39.8%, Roman Catholic 39.2%, Protestant 4.6%, Orthodox 3%, other 13.4% Sunni Muslim
Sex ratio at birth:
1.06 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.05 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.63 male(s)/female

total population:
0.95 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.98 male(s)/female


total population: 1.05 male(s)/female (2006 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 21 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment:
privatization and modernization of the Czech telecommunication system got a late start but is advancing steadily; growth in the use of mobile cellular telephones is particularly vigorous

domestic:
86% of exchanges now digital; existing copper subscriber systems now being enhanced with Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) equipment to accommodate Internet and other digital signals; trunk systems include fiber-optic cable and microwave radio relay

international:
satellite earth stations - 2 Intersputnik (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions), 1 Intelsat, 1 Eutelsat, 1 Inmarsat, 1 Globalstar
general assessment: minimal domestic and international facilities


domestic: interatoll communication through microwave links; all inhabited islands are connected with telephone and fax service


international: country code - 960; satellite earth station - 3 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 3.869 million (2000) 32,300 (2005)
Telephones - mobile cellular 4.346 million (2000) 153,400 (2005)
Television broadcast stations 150 (plus 1,434 repeaters) (2000) 1 (2006)
Terrain Bohemia in the west consists of rolling plains, hills, and plateaus surrounded by low mountains; Moravia in the east consists of very hilly country flat, with white sandy beaches
Total fertility rate 1.18 children born/woman (2001 est.) 4.9 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Unemployment rate 8.7% (2000 est.) NEGL% (2003 est.)
Waterways 303 km

note:
(the Labe (Elbe) is the principal river) (2000)
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